Rare Plants for Small Terrariums: Create a Unique Green Space

With the growing interest in more natural and personalized environments, terrariums have become a popular trend in recent years. These small closed or open ecosystems are perfect for those looking for a creative and charming way to bring a bit of greenery into their homes. Whether as a form of decoration or as a relaxing hobby, terrariums stand out for their ease of maintenance and the beauty of the plants that adorn them.

But we’re not just talking about any plants. For those seeking a touch of exclusivity and sophistication, choosing rare plants is one of the most interesting ways to transform your terrarium into a true natural work of art. Rare plants, with their unusual forms and characteristics, add a unique charm to the environment and create a sense of mystery and elegance. Additionally, many of these species are ideal for compact spaces, making them perfect for small terrariums.

In this article, we will explore some of these rare plant species that can be cultivated in small terrariums. We will also discuss the characteristics that make these plants ideal for such environments and offer tips to ensure that your terrarium is healthy, vibrant, and, of course, unique. If you are looking to add a special touch to your green corner, keep reading to discover the most fascinating and rare options to cultivate in your terrarium!

What is a Terrarium?

Definition of a Terrarium

A terrarium is essentially a small ecosystem that mimics the natural conditions of a specific environment, but within a closed or open container. This container can be made of glass, acrylic, or even recyclable materials, and its purpose is to create a self-sustaining space for growing plants and, in some cases, small animals. The concept of the terrarium originated in the 19th century but became popular in recent decades, mainly as a practical and stylish way to bring nature indoors.

Beyond the aesthetic beauty, terrariums come in various sizes, ranging from small bottles to large aquariums, and can be creatively decorated to fit any space in your home. The main advantage is that they offer a compact space where plants can thrive without the need for daily care, making them perfect for those looking for a practical and charming way to cultivate plants.

Types of Terrariums: Closed, Open, and Their Specific Care

There are two main types of terrariums: closed and open. Both have their peculiarities and require different care.

Closed Terrariums: These are completely sealed environments, usually in hermetically sealed glass containers. They create a controlled microclimate where humidity and temperature are naturally regulated by water evaporation and its subsequent condensation on the walls of the glass. This type of terrarium is ideal for plants that need humid and warm environments, such as ferns and mosses. The care here is to ensure that the terrarium doesn’t become too humid, which could cause root rot. Ventilation is also important, although plants often adjust the microclimate efficiently on their own.

Open Terrariums: On the other hand, open terrariums are more ventilated and exposed, allowing greater air circulation. They are ideal for plants that prefer drier environments or that don’t require much humidity, such as succulents and cacti. These terrariums require a bit more attention to watering, as evaporation is greater. However, they offer more flexibility in choosing plants, and the risk of over-hydration is lower. Additionally, open terrariums allow you to add decorative elements, such as stones, crystals, and small figurines, which contribute to the design and personalization.

Benefits of Growing Plants in Terrariums

Growing plants inside terrariums offers a range of benefits that go beyond aesthetics. Here are some of the main advantages:

Aesthetics and Decoration: There’s no denying that terrariums are incredible decorative pieces. Their compact and elegant design is perfect for any space, whether in a living room, office, or even in the bathroom. By combining different plants, stones, and even small objects, you can create a unique piece that reflects your personal style.

Air Purification: One of the lesser-known benefits of terrariums is their ability to purify the air. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis, helping to improve the air quality in the environment. Moreover, many terrarium plants also help maintain humidity, which can be particularly beneficial in drier indoor environments, such as offices or rooms with air conditioning.

Ease of Care: Unlike a traditional garden, terrariums require much less maintenance. Since they are closed or semi-closed environments, watering care is more controlled, reducing the risk of overwatering or dehydration. Additionally, plants in terrariums tend to grow more slowly, meaning you won’t need to prune or repot them frequently.

Growing plants inside terrariums is a practical way to create a little piece of nature in your home. Whether for ease of care or the benefits they bring to health and the environment, terrariums are a perfect choice for those looking for harmony, beauty, and a touch of greenery in their daily life.

Important Characteristics When Choosing Plants for Terrariums

Choosing the right plants for your terrarium is essential to ensure they grow well and create the visual effect you desire. When selecting species, it’s important to consider some specific characteristics that guarantee the success of your small ecosystem. Here are the main factors to consider when choosing plants for your terrarium:

Compact Size: The Importance of Choosing Plants That Grow Well in Small Spaces

Terrariums are, by definition, compact environments. Therefore, one of the first considerations when choosing plants is their size. Plants that grow too quickly or uncontrollably can end up dominating the available space, compromising the balance and aesthetics of the terrarium.

Look for small to medium-sized plants that adapt well to limited spaces. Species that grow slowly or have a naturally compact form are ideal for this type of environment. Additionally, it’s important to choose plants that don’t need much space for their roots, as the space for root growth in a terrarium is limited.

Good options for small terrariums include species such as Fittonia, mosses, Pilea, and compact begonias. These plants have controlled sizes and adapt well to smaller environments, creating a harmonious and well-balanced terrarium.

Lighting Needs: How to Select Plants That Adapt to Indoor Environments

Lighting is a crucial factor in the success of any terrarium. Plants need light to perform photosynthesis and grow healthily, but the type and intensity of light available in the environment where the terrarium will be placed makes all the difference.

For closed terrariums, it’s ideal to choose plants that adapt to low light, as glass can block a significant amount of direct light. Species like Fittonia, mosses, and ferns thrive in these conditions as they do well with indirect and moderate light.

On the other hand, open terrariums, which offer more exposure to natural light, allow you to cultivate plants that need more direct light, such as succulents and cacti. However, it’s always important to avoid direct exposure to intense sunlight, which can overheat the terrarium and harm the plants, especially in closed models.

If you don’t have sufficient natural light in your home, you can supplement with fluorescent or LED grow lights, ensuring your species receive the necessary amount of light without harming the terrarium environment.

Humidity and Drainage Care

Another important factor when choosing plants for terrariums is understanding their humidity needs. Many terrariums, especially closed ones, naturally create a humid environment due to the lack of ventilation. Therefore, it’s essential to choose plants that tolerate these conditions or, at least, benefit from them.

Plants like mosses, ferns, and some begonias love humid environments and are perfect for closed terrariums, where humidity is naturally maintained. These plants not only thrive in high humidity but also help create an ideal microclimate for the terrarium.

However, when cultivating plants that don’t enjoy high humidity, such as succulents and cacti, you’ll need to ensure the terrarium has good drainage and ventilation to prevent excessive moisture from causing root rot. To do this, use a good draining substrate, such as a cactus soil mix and small stones at the bottom of the terrarium, which helps keep water under control and prevent moisture build-up.

In summary, understanding the humidity needs of the plants you want to grow is crucial. If you choose plants that love humidity, a closed terrarium will be ideal. If you opt for drier species like succulents, an open terrarium with good drainage will be the best choice.

Rare Plant Species to Cultivate in Small Terrariums

Terrariums are the perfect way to grow rare plants in small spaces and create unique and enchanting environments. The options for filling your terrarium range from tropical and exotic plants to smaller succulents and cacti, each with specific characteristics and needs. If you’re looking for rare plants for your mini ecosystem, here are some of the best options to include in small terrariums.

Tropical and Exotic Plants

Tropical and exotic plants are an excellent choice for those seeking to add a vibrant and uncommon vibe to their terrariums. They generally need a humid and warm environment, which makes them ideal for closed terrariums.

• Streptocarpus (Cyclamen) – Characteristics and Care
  Known for its colorful and delicate flowers, Streptocarpus comes in shades of purple, blue, pink, and white. Its velvety green leaves complement the plant’s unique appearance. Care:
  • Light: Prefers indirect and moderate light. Avoid direct sunlight as it can burn the leaves.
  • Humidity: Loves humid environments, making it ideal for closed terrariums.
  • Temperature: Prefers temperatures between 18°C and 24°C.
  • Drainage: Use a well-draining substrate mixed with perlite or sand.
• Fittonia (Nerve Plant) – Ideal for Humid and Shaded Environments
  The Fittonia, or Nerve Plant, is a charming choice for terrariums, famous for its ornamental leaves with intricate patterns in silver or red tones, creating a fascinating visual effect. Care:
  • Light: Prefers indirect light and does not tolerate direct sunlight.
  • Humidity: Appreciates high humidity, making it ideal for closed terrariums.
  • Temperature: Grows well in temperatures between 18°C and 22°C.
  • Drainage: Use a light and well-draining substrate that allows for good air circulation.
• Nepenthes (Carnivorous Plant) – For Terrariums with a More Exotic Touch
  Nepenthes, also known as the carnivorous plant, is one of the most fascinating options for terrariums with an exotic flair. Its modified leaves form pitcher traps that capture and digest insects, making it a captivating addition to your terrarium. Care:
  • Light: Requires bright indirect light and can tolerate a little direct sunlight.
  • Humidity: Loves humid environments, ideal for closed terrariums.
  • Temperature: Prefers warm conditions, between 22°C and 28°C.
  • Drainage: Use a specific carnivorous plant substrate composed of sphagnum moss and sand.
• Begonia Maculata (Spotted Begonia) – Ornamental Leaves and Easy to Grow
  Begonia Maculata, or Spotted Begonia, is an ornamental plant with impressive leaves, displaying silver or white spots contrasting with dark green. It is easy to grow, even in small spaces like terrariums. Care:
  • Light: Prefers moderate indirect light.
  • Humidity: Enjoys humid environments but does not tolerate excessive water.
  • Temperature: Ideal between 18°C and 25°C.
  • Drainage: Ensure a well-draining substrate to avoid root rot.

Shade Plants

For those with indoor spaces with little light or who prefer plants that adapt to shaded areas, shade plants are an excellent option for your terrarium.

• Pilea depressa (Aquatic Pilea) – Ideal for Low Light Indoor Environments
  Pilea depressa, or Aquatic Pilea, is a compact plant that adapts well to low-light indoor environments. Its rounded, delicate leaves provide a soft touch to the terrarium. Care:
  • Light: Prefers indirect, low-intensity light.
  • Humidity: Loves humid environments, making it perfect for closed terrariums.
  • Temperature: Prefers temperatures between 18°C and 24°C.
  • Drainage: Use a well-draining substrate to prevent water build-up.
• Selaginella (Hairy Fern) – Durability and Beauty for Terrariums
  Selaginella, also known as Hairy Fern, is a resilient and easy-to-care-for plant, ideal for terrariums with low light. Its fine, elegant leaves create a pleasant texture and a sense of freshness in the environment. Care:
  • Light: Prefers indirect, low-intensity light.
  • Humidity: Appreciates high humidity, ideal for closed terrariums.
  • Temperature: Ideal between 18°C and 22°C.
  • Drainage: Use a light substrate, such as a mixture of sphagnum moss and leaf soil.

Smaller Succulents and Cacti

Smaller succulents and cacti are perfect for more open terrariums and dry environments. These plants require little water and adapt well to higher temperatures.

• Crassula perfoliata var. falcata (Elephant Ear Plant) – A Rare Succulent for Small Terrariums
  Crassula perfoliata var. falcata, known as Elephant Ear Plant, is a rare succulent that stands out for its wide, fleshy leaves shaped like elephant ears. It’s perfect for small terrariums and offers a unique and exotic appearance. Care:
  • Light: Prefers direct or bright indirect light.
  • Humidity: Enjoys dry environments, making it ideal for open terrariums.
  • Temperature: Prefers higher temperatures, between 20°C and 28°C.
  • Drainage: Use a well-draining substrate, like cactus soil.
• Echeveria (Echeveria) – Rare Succulents That Adapt Well to Open Terrariums
  Echeverias are popular succulents due to their compact form and rosette-shaped leaves. They are ideal for open terrariums, where they can receive direct sunlight and grow healthily. Care:
  • Light: Prefers direct light but can tolerate some indirect light.
  • Humidity: Loves dry and well-ventilated environments.
  • Temperature: Ideal between 18°C and 24°C.
  • Drainage: Use a substrate specific to succulents that offers good drainage.

Air Plants (Tillandsia)

Tillandsias are fascinating air plants that don’t require soil to grow. They absorb water and nutrients directly from the air, making them perfect for creative arrangements in open terrariums.

• Tillandsia ionantha – A Fascinating Air Plant and Easy to Maintain in Small Terrariums
  Tillandsia ionantha is one of the most popular air plant varieties. Compact and easy to maintain, it can be cultivated in small terrariums and adds a unique touch with its sculptural shape and vibrant colors, especially when it blooms. Care:
  • Light: Prefers bright indirect light but can tolerate some direct sun.
  • Humidity: Likes humid environments but can be watered with occasional misting.
  • Temperature: Ideal between 18°C and 24°C.
  • Drainage: Doesn’t need soil but should be placed in a container that allows good ventilation.

How to Set Up a Terrarium with Rare Species

Setting up a terrarium with rare species is an amazing way to bring a piece of nature into your space. It’s a creative and therapeutic activity that allows you to create a unique and fascinating mini-ecosystem. Here’s a step-by-step guide to ensure your plants grow healthy and happy.

Choosing the Container: Glass, Acrylic, or DIY Terrarium

The container you choose is crucial for the success of your terrarium as it determines the visual look of your project as well as the environmental conditions for your plants. Common options include:

• Glass: Glass containers are the most popular for terrariums, offering a clear and elegant view of the internal environment. These can be aquariums, bottles, terrarium tubes, or various other shaped containers. Glass helps create a controlled microclimate and is ideal for plants that need more humidity, such as tropical and carnivorous plants.
• Acrylic: Lighter and more durable than glass, acrylic is also a good option. While offering the same visibility, it can be easier to handle and less prone to breakage. However, it may scratch over time, so handle with care.
• DIY Terrarium: If you enjoy personalizing, you can create your own container using materials like bottles, recycled jars, or even building a terrarium with wood and glass. The main advantage of DIY terrariums is that you can adapt them to the specific needs of your plants and available space.

Step-by-Step Guide to Create the Terrarium

Once you’ve chosen the ideal container, it’s time to assemble your terrarium. Here’s a detailed step-by-step guide to ensure everything is done correctly:

Preparing the Base (Drainage, Stones, Activated Charcoal)

Start by preparing the base, which is essential for drainage and preventing excess water from accumulating at the bottom, causing root rot. Follow these steps:

• Small Stones Layer: Start by placing a layer of small stones or gravel at the bottom of the container. This will help with drainage and prevent the plant roots from being submerged in stagnant water.
• Activated Charcoal: On top of the stones, add a thin layer of activated charcoal. This will help keep the terrarium environment free of odors and prevent mold and bacteria buildup.
• Drainage Screen (Optional): If your terrarium is deep, you may also add a drainage screen between the charcoal layer and substrate, which helps separate the layers and improves drainage.

Choosing the Right Substrate for Your Selected Plants

Next, choose the ideal substrate for your rare plants. The type of substrate depends on the needs of the species you’ve selected for your terrarium. Here are some options:

• Tropical and Exotic Plants (like Fittonia or Streptocarpus): A light and well-draining substrate, consisting of potting soil mixed with sphagnum moss or perlite, works well for plants that love humid environments.
• Succulents and Cacti (like Echeveria or Crassula): For these plants, use a cactus or succulent-specific soil mix with sand and small stones to ensure good drainage.

The substrate layer should be about 5 to 10 cm thick, depending on the size of your container.

Planting and Arranging the Species in the Terrarium

Now that the substrate is in place, it’s time to plant! The arrangement of the plants is a creative and important moment, as it influences not only the aesthetics but also the healthy growth of your plants. Here are some tips:

• Plan the Arrangement: Start with the larger plants at the back of the terrarium and place the smaller ones at the front. This creates a sense of depth